Sinorussian energy relations brookings institution. Both sides have actively pursued to build trust, particularly over the past decade. Russia s energy policy which is set out in the governments energy strategy document, first approved in 2000, which sets out the governments policy to 2020. The official energy dialogue between the eu and russia has been suspended, with the exception of the trilateral talks between russia. This development raises a host of questions for both russia and the west about the stability of the russian economy, how russia will use the power it gains from its energy wealth, and how the west should react to russias newfound. Pdf this thesis contributes to the field of energy security as it relates to russia european union eu energy relations since the cold war, with a. Primary energy use in 2009 in russia was 7,524 twh and 53 twh per million persons. But russia is also one of the most energy dependent countries. The rise in world oil prices after the turn of the century turned the tables. Finland, the czech republic, slovakia, hungary and bulgaria have russianbuilt nuclear power stations, and the latter three countries are entirely dependent on.
Alexander gusev and kirsten westphal russian energy policies. Europes strategic dependence on russian energy the. According to eurostat, 30% of the eus petroleum oil imports and 39% of total gas imports came from russia in 2017. Russian energy policy and the art of geoeconomics by ioannis. In this report, the author argues that the national security risks posed by russian energy policies are only tangentially related to europes dependency on russian energy imports. The eu and other western countries have imposed sanctions against russia, russia. Energy dependency can appear in multiple forms including financial, technology or fuel dependence in the nuclear and fossil sectors, acquisition and ownership of strategic energy infrastructure as well as investments in energy projects by russia in the eu, in particular the baltic and the centraleastern member states. Wellestablished energy trading relations between russia and the western part of europe can be dated back over centuries, while the first imports of russian ussr gas by pipeline to austria occurred back in 1968. The energy sector is a key aspect of russian foreign policy and a strategic pillar of its policy towards europe. Another trend has been the concentration of these industries in the hands of the russian government. Nov 23, 2009 gazproms pitch to increase its stake in vng, germanys third largest gas importer, is only the latest sign of the two countries improving relationship. Nov 05, 2007 comparing russia s uncertain supply with europes growing demand, a senior european commission official estimated that the eus annual energy needs will increase by 200 million metric tons of gas. The russian federation supplies a significant volume of fossil fuels and is the largest exporter of oil and natural gas to the european union. Alexander gusev and kirsten westphal russian energy.
View eu russia energy relations research papers on academia. Energy security has been a central concern of us foreign policy at least since the oil crisis of 1973. New opening in energy relations between bulgaria and russia. The international energy agency of the organisation for economic cooperation and development oecdsee glossary estimated that in 1993 it took 4. Pdf energy vulnerability and eurussia energy relations. Germany and russia have deep economic ties, especially in the energy sector. Energy vulnerability and eurussia energy relations article pdf available in journal of contemporary european research 52 august 2009 with reads how we measure reads. Russian energy sanctions bill puts another crack in strained. Energy relations with russia and gas market liberalization. In the energy strategy of russia for the period up to 2020, it is also specified that the document should be amended where necessary at least once every 5 years.
In response to a 1999 paper published by the eu titled the common strategy on russia cs, russia issued a medium term strategy mts for the first decade of the century, simultaneously enumerating a contribution of russias energy sources to the strengthening of europes common positions in the world and aiming to create a joint longterm energy policy. August 2016 energy relations between russia and china. The eurussia energy dialogue which was set up in 2000 has been largely put on hold as a result of the russiaukraine crisis. This paper discusses and contrasts the proposals for an energy union in the european union and its impact on its securityofgassupply. Eu russia and the energy dimension of the eastern partnership dorin dusciac nicu popescu victor parlicov abstract. However, despite the fact that russia is the worlds leading source of natural gas and second only to saudi arabia in oil production, the us has viewed russian. Sep 29, 2010 the fact is that russia needs chinese trade, particularly in terms of energy resources, more than china needs russia. Playing chess with the dragon introduction russias relationship with china has a long and complex history, catalysed by the lengthy border between the two countries, the complementarity of their economies and the ambitions of both to be seen as key global geopolitical actors. Russian energy sanctions bill puts another crack in strained useurope relations published wed, jul 26 2017 9. The energy strategy outlines several key priorities. For russia, constructing south stream is a priority for its energy policy. Eurussia relations are in desperate need of legislative and institutional reform given the fragmented legal infrastructure regulating energy trade between these two powers. Pirani, oxford institute for energy studies oies, k. Brussels a conference on the eurussia energy relations organised by the eurussia centre and chaired by the president of the emi pat cox was held on the 10th of february 2009.
Jul 26, 2017 russian energy sanctions bill puts another crack in strained useurope relations published wed, jul 26 2017 9. Eu russia energy relations is russia a reliable partner. The energy union strategy, launched in february 2015, is a vast project aiming at identifying a set of common responses to a series of present and future challenges in the field of energy. Reconsidering eurussia energy relations a basis for a. In this context, the eu russia energy dialogue is still very young, being established at the sixth eu russia summit in. Russias energy diplomacy in the baltic states by zachary hanson estonia, latvia, and lithuania, or, the baltic states, are unique in that they are the first and only former soviet republics to join institutions aligned with the west, joining both the european union eu and the north atlantic treaty organization nato in 2004. Electricity sector in russia is the main article of electricity in russia. Sinorussian energy relations 147 to make binding commitments to crossborder pipelines. For vladimir putin, russias role in the global energy market largely determines its. Since the triple disaster in japan in 2011, the energy dimension of japan russia relations in the russian far east rfe has developed at a more rapid pace. However, the conflict in ukraine and the nearsevering of relations between russia and europe led to a breakthrough in the sinorussian energy relationship in beijings favor.
The eus energy policy, including towards such an important external partner as russia, is based on the concept of energy union, which has as an objective to make energy more secure, affordable and sustainable. What is the future of this relationship and what is driving this relationship forward. In 2017, energy products accounted around 60% of the eus total imports from russia. Energy demand in emerging economies is increasing rapidly, particularly in china and india. Russia subsequently abandoned the project and is now negotiating an alternative route via turkey, while slovakia has proposed the eastring pipeline as an alternative supply route for southeast europe. Inn 2009, the strategy was also extended to the time period of up to 2030 with new goals and priorities for the country development. Sinorussian energy relations during the last two decades have witnessed many ups and downs. The european union and the russian federation european. Dec 15, 2016 in response to a 1999 paper published by the eu titled the common strategy on russia cs, russia issued a medium term strategy mts for the first decade of the century, simultaneously enumerating a contribution of russias energy sources to the strengthening of europes common positions in the world and aiming to create a joint longterm energy policy in order to create a common. Trust in norwegianrussian energy relations is one in the making. Moscow has said that its preferred strategy would be to participate in asset swaps with major energy companies, deals in which russia would grant the majors access to its vast energy resources and even the possibility of acquiring a majority stake in certain projects. Playing chess with the dragon executive summary james henderson and tatiana mitrova august 2016 russias relationship with china has a long and complex history, catalysed by the lengthy border between the two countries, the complementarity of their economies and the ambitions of both to be. The eu energy union, energy security and russian gas. Russia in march 2014 and the military destabilisation in eastern ukraine have resulted in a securitisation of energy relations.
This shall be done by overhauling european energy and climate systems and policies, so that the eus energy policy fully contributes to the fulfilment of the eus. Eu russia relations have never been easy, but in 2014 they entered a new and particularly difficult phase after a showdown between the two sides over ukraines association agreement with the eu, and russia s aggression in crimea and eastern ukraine. In this context, the eurussia energy dialogue is still very young, being established at the sixth eurussia summit in. Japan russia energy relations, postfukushima and postukraine wrenn yennie lindgren ed a decade earlier. The eurussia centre is an independent information and expertise resource, headed by the german politician wolfgang clement. However, descriptive analysis dominates these publications. Russian energy sanctions bill puts another crack in. Eurussia energy relations research papers academia. In 2009 russia placed only 14th as a chinese trading partner, accounting for only 1. Mar 24, 2015 the eu russia energy dialogue which was set up in 2000 has been largely put on hold as a result of the russia ukraine crisis. Russia is the main provider of oil, gas, and solid fuels to the eu. Electricity sector in russia is the main article of electricity in russia primary energy use in 2009 in russia was 7,524 twh and 53 twh per million persons. Nappert the russoukrainian gas dispute of january 2009.
What are us and eu concerns about this relationship and how might the west leverage its interests and influence in impacting what. View eurussia energy relations research papers on academia. Its gradual, selective and conditional relaunch could be considered provided the overall geopolitical situation linked to ukraine allows, that is if and when the minsk declaration of 12 february is duly implemented. Comparing russias uncertain supply with europes growing demand, a senior european commission official estimated that the eus annual energy needs will increase by 200 million metric tons of gas. Russias net co 2 emissions from energy use grew by 4. Nuclear energy while eu russia energy relations are essentially about fossil fuels, russia is also a major nuclear energy. Email this article stratfor germanys primary focus remains managing the eurozone crisis, but berlin is also trying to ensure that it maintains a close working relationship with russia.
Last year, this information was widely used in the reports. This entails a reliance on the direct influence of state actors rather than on market forces to regulate their extraction and distribution. Yet they have suffered from decades of mistrust, competing interests, and divergent policy agendas. Playing chess with the dragon introduction russia s relationship with china has a long and complex history, catalysed by the lengthy border between the two countries, the complementarity of their economies and the ambitions of both to be seen as key global geopolitical actors. The process has been driven by shared economic interests, the prominence of the petroleum industry in both countries, and a desire to improve political relations on both sides.
The primary energy risk to europe, and especially to the newer eu members, stems from the corrosive effect this dependency has on governance and on transatlantic cooperation. Energy trade is a longstanding pillar of european union eu russia relations. Russias energy disputes council on foreign relations. Russias energy policy which is set out in the governments energy strategy document, first approved in 2000, which sets out the governments policy to 2020. Reconsidering eurussia energy relations a basis for a new. Energy in russia describes energy and electricity production, consumption and export from russia. Nuclear energy while eurussia energy relations are essentially about fossil fuels, russia is also a major nuclear energy player, supplying 18% of the eus mined uranium. Russia and the eu on thursday june expressed hope that a solution could be found to allow gas supply transits through ukraine to continue from next year. The preparation process that during the 1990s started to build the groundwork for bilateral energy cooperation continued until the first half of the 2000s, but sinorussian oil and gas cooperation during those periods produced very few concrete results. Cameron, eu russia centre eu russia relations in the energy field. Russiaeurope energy relations center for strategic and. Inn 2009, the strategy was also extended to the time period of up to 2030 with new goals.
Energy intensity the amount of energy required per unit of gdp increased by 1. Russia has regained the prominence pdf in global energy markets it enjoyed in the 1970s and 1980s when the soviet union, not saudi arabia, was the worlds preeminent oil producer. Russian energy policy toward neighboring countries congressional research service summary russian oil and natural gas industries have become key players in the global energy market, particularly in europe and eurasia. Energy relations have become an issue of high politics. Pdf new dynamics in japanrussia energy relations 2011. Strategic manipulation and russias energy statecraft in eurasia albany, ny. Cameron, eurussia centre eurussia relations in the energy field. Energy policy of russia describes the energy policy in the politics of russia more in detail. But the deals that russia has been pursuing are not solely designed to create a more favorable investment climate in its energy industry and open its economy to reforms. Energy has been a key factor in shaping russias foreign relations in both the eurasian and global context. The integration of the energy markets of the worlds top liquefied natural gas lng. For vladimir putin, russia s role in the global energy market largely determines its geopolitical influence.
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